• We further analyzed the transcriptional

  2021-08-05

  

  We further analyzed the transcriptional mechanisms underlying the synergistic action of IL-23 and PGE2 and found that this action is mediated by not only STAT3 but also CREB1 and NF-κB. Involvement of CREB1 is analogous to that in the PGE2-EP2/EP4–mediated Il12rb2 induction during TH1 cell different

• In sum although it is

  2021-08-05

  

  In sum, although it is reasonable to assume that the activities of an enzyme on alternative (metabolically available) substrates may often depend on neutral drift, the point is difficult to prove because various types of selective pressures can be at play, and these will be different in different or

• Methacholine MCh is a bronchoconstrictive

  2021-08-05

  

  Methacholine (MCh) is a bronchoconstrictive agent that has been widely used in the diagnoses of airway narrowing and hyperresponsiveness (Jonasson et al., 2009). MCh induces muscle contractions by stimulating the muscarinic cholinergic receptors that are found in both the airways and the lung parenc

• br Concluding remarks and prospective Cardiac proteinopathy

  2021-08-05

  

  Concluding remarks and prospective Cardiac proteinopathy, a more common disease condition and more frequent cause of cardiomyocyte decay than previously thought, is largely neglected and no effective therapy exists yet. Protein quality control and protein degradation via autophagy or the ubiquiti

• The larger eukaryotic ligases such as LigI

  2021-08-05

  

  The larger eukaryotic ligases, such as LigI and LigIV, also possess an additional N-terminal DNA-binding domain (DBD) that is required for efficient ligation (Fig. 1c) and enables these ligases to encircle DNA [17]. An equivalent helix–hairpin–helix domain is also present in the bacterial NAD-depend

• The discoidin domain receptors DDR

  2021-08-05

  

  The discoidin domain receptors, DDR1 and DDR2, are receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that are stimulated by collagen in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Unlike most other RTKs, they form ligand-independent stable dimers that are non-covalently linked. This ECM activation induces receptor phosphorylati

• It has previously been shown that human melanocytes are

  2021-08-04

  

  It has previously been shown that human melanocytes are responsive to a multiplicity of hormonal triggers [10], particularly to pituitary or ovarian hormones [11]. Studies concerning the effects of N1-Methyl-ATP on human melanocytes led to inconsistent data [12], [13]. Im et al. [14] reported that

• melanotropin The eNOS bp VNTR polymorphism has been found to

  2021-08-04

  

  The eNOS 27-bp VNTR polymorphism has been found to be associated with altered plasma NO levels. This polymorphism also has been associated with many vascular diseases including hypertension, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic nephropathy in various populations. Notably, our results were different fr

• The generation of ROS in

  2021-08-04

  

  The generation of ROS, in addition to eliciting oxidative stress, is an important proapoptotic signal (Ott et al., 2007). Apoptosis is clearly associated with the production of ROS, since ROS generation occurs in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and disturbs mitochondrial homeostasis, which plays

• A decrease in heme levels enables

  2021-08-04

  

  A decrease in heme levels enables the phosphorylation of eIF2α by HRI and thereby inhibition of eIF2α activity. Indeed, the relatively small change in cytosolic heme levels in SZ hiv protease inhibitor showed downstream functional consequences manifested by almost 50% elevation in the phosphorylati

• In the SUMOylation pathway SCE as an E enzyme

  2021-08-04

  

  In the SUMOylation pathway, SCE1 as an E2 enzyme has an important role in mediating the conjugation of SUMO to target proteins. The accumulated SUMO conjugates in plants are associated with abiotic stress responses (Castro et al, 2012). We performed a drought stress analysis on WT plants, induced by

• br Introduction Addiction to opioids such

  2021-08-04

  

  Introduction Addiction to opioids such as morphine is a chronic disorder that affects the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathway in the brain. Activation of the pathway ultimately leads to dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) (Di Chiara et al., 1998) and stimulation of dopamine recepto

• Typical examples of CO utilization and reduction

  2021-08-03

  

  Typical examples of CO2 utilization and reduction technologies are catalytic reduction of CO2 to C1 compounds such as CO, formic acid, methanol and so on [[3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]], and catalytic organic synthesis using CO2 as a feedstock [[11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18

• br Conclusions Overexpression of DDR

  2021-08-03

  

  Conclusions Overexpression of DDR2 might contribute to tumor progression in lung SQCC, and the T681I mutation we found in this work is an inactivating mutation. There is a possibility that not only activating mutation but also overexpression of DDR2 might be a molecular target for treatment of lu

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgements This work was

  2021-08-03

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China (No. 2016KBC05), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31370600 and 31300508), the Zhejiang Science and Technology Major Program on

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