• Water inorganic salts sugars lipids nucleic acids and protei

  2021-05-07

  

  Water, inorganic salts, sugars, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins are the main basic materials forming the organism. Life activities can be controlled or regulated by a series of complicated and chain-reactive protein–protein interactions. Protein–protein interaction is considered as the bases and

• Introduction Angiotensin II Ang II

  2021-05-07

  

  Introduction Angiotensin II (Ang II) and Endothelin 1 (ET-1) are potent vasoconstrictive peptides recognized as key players in many cardiovascular diseases [1]. Cardiac hypertrophy, ischemic arrhythmia, and stroke have been associated to an overstimulation of the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) recepto

• The selective estrogen receptor modulators SERMs are another

  2021-05-07

  

  The selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are another type of estrogen receptor ligands. The main difference between SERMs and xenoestrogens relies on the fact that SERMs present functional duality and are able to act both as agonists and antagonists of the estrogen receptors in different t

• In mammals ribonucleotide reductase RNR is a unique enzyme t

  2021-05-07

  

  In mammals, ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is a unique enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of de novo synthesis of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs).7, 8 Mammalian RNR consists of two homodimer subunits: the large catalytic dimer RRM1 and the small regulatory dimer RRM2 or RRM2B. An

• br Conclusion The past few years have witnessed substantial

  2021-05-07

  

  Conclusion The past few years have witnessed substantial progress in understanding the structural mechanisms of substrate recognition and the reactions catalyzed by the O-GlcNAc-cycling enzymes, but more work remains. In particular, future research will be needed to establish how OGT and OGA inte

• is one of the few parasites that

  2021-05-07

  

  is one of the few parasites that can be encysted and excysted and we tested the localization and role of HA-tagged gEno in both differentiations, using a recently developed integrated vector that introduces a C-terminal triple HA tag under the selection marker puromycin . The localization of HA-tagg

• Although CCR expression clearly identifies MBC

  2021-05-07

  

  Although CCR6 expression clearly identifies MBC precursors within the GC, we found that the expression of this chemokine receptor by responding antimalaria medication was not required for MBC differentiation and had no detectable impact on the GC subsets analyzed in this study. Although this is in

• An important role for the precursor molecule of

  2021-05-07

  

  An important role for the precursor molecule of the main EBI2 ligand, 25-OHC, in the inhibition of inflammation was recently shown. 25-OHC was demonstrated to inhibit inflammasome induction in mouse macrophages [28]. Inflammasome assemblies are the sites of caspase 1 activation and lead to the gener

• All known vertebrate TRIMs are categorized in distinct

  2021-05-07

  

  All known vertebrate TRIMs are categorized in 11 distinct subclasses depending on the types of domains present at their carboxyl-terminals (Fig. 3) [29], [35]. Beyond conserved N-terminal domains, it is the C-terminal that provides specificity of interactions with other proteins. The subclass IV for

• br Restenosis after angioplasty remains a remarkable challen

  2021-05-07

  

  Restenosis after angioplasty remains a remarkable challenge, although drug-eluting stents have reduced the incidence of restenosis considerably . Vascular smooth muscle Asiatic acid synthesis (VSMCs) play a pivotal role in the development of intimal thickening and restenosis. VSMCs proliferate and

• In contrast to the methylation

  2021-05-07

  

  In contrast to the methylation that is catalyzed exclusively by DNMTs, there have been suggested several pathways that could induce demethylation (Watt & Molloy, 1988). However, the existence and influencing of enzymes that promote active demethylation remains elusive. Studies aiming to gain more in

• br Acknowledgements We thank Dr Tai Yuan Yu

  2021-05-07

  

  Acknowledgements We thank Dr. Tai-Yuan Yu and Miss Chun-Ping Chang for helping with the drug/DNA sequence specificity study. We also thank the Chemical Synthesis Core and the Pathology Core Laboratory of IBMS for synthesizing SL-1 and for performing the pathology analysis, respectively, and the T

• Our observation that FAK is downregulated

  2021-05-06

  

  Our observation that FAK is downregulated in vascular smooth muscle Adox on fibrillar collagen confirms observations reported for other cell types [14]. However, unlike the results reported previously [14], our work suggests that matrix rigidity per se does not determine FAK downregulation. This co

• br Results This study was carried out with a series

  2021-05-06

  

  Results This study was carried out with a series of engineered extracellular matrix films of collagen assembled at hydrophobic surfaces, which allow for independent control of supramolecular structure, mechanical stiffness, and receptor recognition sites [17], [21]. Vascular smooth muscle 3-Deaza

• Behaviors were compared between saline and amphetamine pre t

  2021-05-06

  

  Behaviors were compared between saline and amphetamine pre-treatment groups at 24h and 2 weeks following the last treatment, or between pre-treatment groups that received vehicle or ASV-30 infusions, using separate two-way ANOVAs. Significant effects were analyzed further using Student–Newman–Keuls

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