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Chk and Chk are functionally
2020-07-29
Chk1 and Chk2 are functionally redundant protein kinases that respond to checkpoint signals emanating from the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase family members ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) and ATR (Ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad-3 related). A concerted research effort has revealed many mechanistic
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The Lysine mutant is located in the
2020-07-28
The Lysine429 mutant is located in the tail region of 5-HT2A, which is predicted to be unstructured. This region has been shown to interact, in vitro, with PSD95 and leads to differences in signaling (Xia et al., 2003). The ASK motif, a component of the tail region, is also important for regulation
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What could be the possible significance of H
2020-07-28
What could be the possible significance of H2AX phosphorylation during DNA fragmentation, a rather late event in apoptosis? H2AX phosphorylation, or the lack thereof, may not grossly affect the eventual outcome, i.e., cell death (case in point, equal levels of unviable PHA-739358 sale in both wild t
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Sequential silver nitrate staining and FISH has
2020-07-28
Sequential silver nitrate staining and FISH has been used to study rDNA in several plant species (Hasterok and Maluszynska, 2000; Idziak and Hasterok, 2008). The conjugation of these two techniques for rDNA studies has the advantage of establishing the activity, location and number of rDNA loci. As
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SmDHODH showed to catalyze the conversion of dihydroorotate
2020-07-28
SmDHODH showed to catalyze the conversion of dihydroorotate into orotate using quinone as 2-Palmitoylglycerol acceptor following a ping-pong mechanism. Despite the overall resemblance to the human homologue enzyme, substitutions and differences in the conformational states adopted by HsDHODH and SmD
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br Data availability br Acknowledgments The work was support
2020-07-28
Data availability Acknowledgments The work was supported in Department of Biochemistry by grants from British Heart Foundation (SP/15/7/31561, FS/15/20/31335 and RG/15/4/31268). At the Department of Materials Science, Cambridge, funding was from the People Programme of the EU 7th Framework Pro
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Despite its significance in tumor suppression the
2020-07-28
Despite its significance in tumor suppression, the molecular mechanism by which DAPK is regulated and its interplay with other tumor suppressors and oncoproteins have not been completely unraveled. Although primarily regulated by CaM binding (Cohen et al., 1997), DAPK activity can also be modulated
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Induction and mRNA expression patterns of CYPs
2020-07-28
Induction and mRNA EIPA patterns of CYPs have been considered as molecular markers for risk assessment of xenobiotics, such as PAHs metabolized by CYP–mediated pathway. Regarding β-NF and B[a]P exposure, many studies have already shown that AhR-mediated CYP genes play a prominent role in regulation
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PKA signaling is a crucial pathway for fat decomposition in
2020-07-28
PKA signaling is a crucial pathway for fat decomposition in response to β-adrenergic stimuli. Increased cAMP levels lead to PKA activation through β-adrenergic receptor–mediated adenylate cyclase activation. After adipocyte lipolytic stimulation, perilipin becomes the most abundant phosphoprotein. P
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Our results also suggest a relationship
2020-07-28
Our results also suggest a relationship between the COMT rs4680 polymorphism and psychiatric symptomatology in epilepsy. As a group, Val carriers had higher scores on the Schizophrenia, Antisocial Features, and Alcohol Problems scales of the PAI than those without a Val allele. The Val allele has pr
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Notochord is a transient structure
2020-07-28
Notochord is a transient structure differentiating at early stage during embryogenesis that is at the origin of vertebral bodies in all vertebrates. In zebrafish, it is composed of vacuolated Fmoc-Trp-OH surrounded by a unique ECM structure improperly called notochordal BM. As in chicken and amphib
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br Results and discussion br Conclusions The need for
2020-07-28
Results and discussion Conclusions The need for small-molecule probes and inhibitors of P4H is evident from the lack of structural information about this CM-272 australia essential enzyme as well as the list of fibrotic diseases associated with collagen overproduction. The newly discovered ro
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Here we have explored the mechanisms of Emi
2020-07-28
Here, we have explored the mechanisms of Emi2 inhibition by Cdk1 (as well as Emi2 upregulation by Mos) using Xenopus egg extracts. Our results show that multiple distinct kinases, including CAY10499 synthesis B1-Cdk1 itself, bind to the N-terminal Cdk1 sites of Emi2 and phosphorylate other critical
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br Conclusions br Introduction Emphysema
2020-07-27
Conclusions Introduction Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is a worldwide public health problem that reduces quality of life (Hogg and Timens, 2009). Emphysema is characterised by airspace enlargements and is accompanied by destruction of the parenchymal s
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Structure similarity searches were conducted using the stand
2020-07-27
Structure similarity searches were conducted using the standalone version of the DALI program with the query structures scanned against a local current version of the PDB that has all chains as separate entries (Holm and Sander, 1995). The structural hits for each query were collected, even if the D
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