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  • br Introduction Cherry tomato Solanum lycopersicum L is a

    2021-09-16


    Introduction Cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a commonly consumed fruit on a worldwide scale due to its characteristic flavor and cyp3a inhibitors high nutrition (Wei et al., 2016, Yu et al., 2014). Tomato is low in fat and calories, and is a rich natural source of nutrition and bioactive antioxidant compounds, such as vitamins, β-carotene, lycopene, flavonoids, organic acids and chlorophyll, which are beneficial for human health (Asensio et al., 2019, Wang and Seymour, 2017, Wei et al., 2016). However, tomatoes are easily subjected to infection by fungal pathogens in postharvest and field (Yang et al., 2017, Zhang et al., 2017). Botrytis cinerea is a notable fungus that causes gray mold in tomato fruit during storage (Lurie, Handros, & Shapira, 1997). Currently, the management of disease for tomatoes are mostly dependent on the controlled atmosphere storage, the refrigeration and the fungicides (Liu et al., 2005, Yan et al., 2016). Among these, synthetic fungicide is considered the most effective and cheapest mean to control the postharvest disease (Wang et al., 2016, Yang et al., 2017). Numerous effective synthetic fungicides on harvested fruit are limited as a result of their potential risks to human health, environmental pollution, and the development of resistance biotypes of the pathogens (Ge et al., 2018, Spadaro and Droby, 2016). Therefore, alternative strategies with safe and effective are needed for controlling postharvest disease in fruit and vegetables. Among recent new strategies being investigated, inducing disease resistance in harvested fruit is attracting increasing interest. Resistance induction in postharvest fruit and vegetable using chemical and biological elicitors has shown great potential because it has a broad-spectrum antimicrobial property and will not result in fungicide resistance of microbe and is regarded as a promising alternative to synthetic fungicides (Lai et al., 2018, Wei et al., 2016, Yan et al., 2016). Salicylic cyp3a inhibitors (SA) is a well-known chemical elicitor reported to induce disease resistance against the pathogens in the postharvest peach, pear and apple fruits (Panahirad et al., 2012, Shi et al., 2018). Several other chemical elicitors, including chitosan, E-poly-l-lysine and chlorogenic acid, and some biological original elicitors, such as the yeast strain Cryptococcus laurentii and Bacillus cereus AR156, have the sufficient ability to induce postharvest resistance against the fungal pathogens in fruits and vegetables (Ge et al., 2018, Jiang et al., 2018, Jiao et al., 2018, Wang et al., 2013). l-glutamate is one of the most abundant amino acids in food and has received increasing focus because of its enormous roles. In food industry, l-glutamate has been extensively added to various foods as a food flavor enhancer, which the demand is about 2.5 million tons per year (Wang et al., 2018). On the other hand, l-glutamate has been studied in controlling the fungal decay of postharvest fruits. Yang et al. (2017) has revealed that application of l-glutamate suppressed the survive of Alternaria alternate in tomato wounds by inducing defense responses. In the process of l-glutamate metabolism, l-glutamate could be converted into γ-aminobutyric acid which was also shown to inhibit the blue mold of pears and black mold of tomatoes (Yang et al., 2017, Yu et al., 2014). However, the effect of l-glutamate treatment on gray mold of tomato fruit and the mechanisms involved in disease resistance remain unknown. The present study aimed to: (1) evaluate the ability of l-glutamate on inducing resistance to postharvest gray mold in tomatoes; and (2) analyze the possible mechanisms, including detection of the gene expression of glutamate receptors and the pathogenesis-related proteins in tomatoes by l-glutamate treatment based on RT-qPCR, and examination of the accumulation level of amino acids in the treated tomatoes.
    Materials and methods